1961a, 1961b), the Iatron Candida Check factor 6 typing antiserum (IF6) ( Poulain et al. albicans, including Hasenclever's antisera HSN1 and HSN2 ( Hasenclever et al. This strategy was used to type strains for a few decades and three serotyping methods were established for C. Serotyping based on antigenic properties is one of the first biotyping strategies used to discriminate among C. The methods based on phenotypic characteristics, referred to as biotyping methods, were first employed for strain typing of C. albicans from China are discussed in this review. The most commonly used methods with the focus on recently developed molecular typing or DNA-fingerprinting strategies and the recent findings in the association of specific and genetically similar genotypes with certain infections and the correlation between azole susceptibilities and genotypes of C. A variety of methods for typing strains of C. In addition to improved therapy, the rapid and accurate identification of the disease-causing strains is crucial for diagnosis, clinical treatment and epidemiological studies of candidiasis. Fundamental issues with regard to diagnosis, epidemiology and pathogenesis of both mucosal and invasive candidiasis remain to be elucidated. albicans, such as vaginal candidiasis, often constitute a management problem because of the high rate of recurrence. As a result of the difficulties in the early accurate diagnosis of systemic candidiasis, a limited number of suitable and effective antifungal drugs and the increasing drug resistance of the etiologic agents, mortality rates from systemic candidiasis remain high ( Gudlaugsson et al. It is recognized as the fourth leading cause of nosocomial infections ( Pfaller et al. albicans have become an increasingly important clinical problem. Due to the growing population over the last two to three decades of transiently or permanently immunocompromised patients, invasive infections caused by C. Nearly three-quarters of all healthy women experience at least one episode of Candida vulvovaginitis during their lifetime and about 5–10% of women endure recurrent bouts of the disease ( Sobel 2007). It causes from benign infections such as oral and vaginal candidiasis to fatal, systematic disease in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. The species is also the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. It can be found in the intestinal and urogenital tracts and the oral cavities of healthy individuals. ![]() Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus which usually occurs as a commensal microorganism in the mucosa of humans.
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